Planning for the First and Last Mile: A Review of Practices at Selected Transit Agencies in the United States

A transit trip involves travel to and from stops or stations. The quality of what are commonly known as first last mile connections (regardless their length) can have an important impact on ridership. Transit agencies throughout the world developing innovative approaches improving connections, for example, by partnering with ride-hailing other emerging mobility services. small but growing number in U.S. adopted (FLM) plans goal increasing As this is a relatively new practice agencies, review these inform assist them preparing own. Four FLM were selected diverse geographic contexts review: Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LA Metro), Riverside (CA) Agency (RTA), Denver Regional District (RTD), City Richmond, CA. Based literature, we developed framework emphasis transportation equity examine plans. We identified five common addressing issue: spatial gap analysis focus socio-demographics locational characteristics, incorporation services, funding plan implementation, remedies marginalized communities, development pedestrian bicycle infrastructures surrounding Strategies three aligned regional goals emissions reductions. LA Metro incorporate detailed design guidelines improvement still new, it will take time evaluate ridership communities’ overall experience.